英语学习平台

单数主语

单数主语用单数动词

He loves English. The book is interesting.

复数主语

复数主语用复数动词

They love English. The books are interesting.

并列主语

• 用 and 连接的并列主语，通常用复数动词：Tom and Jerry are friends.
• 用 or, nor, either...or, neither...nor 连接的并列主语，动词与靠近的主语一致：Either Tom or Jerry is coming.

不定代词

• somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等不定代词作主语，用单数动词：Someone is knocking at the door.
• both, few, many, several 等不定代词作主语，用复数动词：Both are correct.
• some, all, most, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其所指代的名词来决定动词的单复数：Some of the book is interesting. Some of the books are interesting.

集体名词

• family, class, team, group 等集体名词作主语，若指整体，用单数动词；若指成员，用复数动词：The family is big. The family are watching TV.

动名词和不定式

• 动名词或不定式作主语，用单数动词：Reading is good for you. To learn English is important.

数词和量词

• 表示时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语，通常用单数动词：Ten years is a long time.
• a number of + 复数名词，用复数动词：A number of students are here.
• the number of + 复数名词，用单数动词：The number of students is 50.

主语从句

在句中作主语的从句，通常由 that, what, who, when, where, why, how 等引导

That he loves English is true. What he said is important.

宾语从句

在句中作宾语的从句，通常由 that, what, who, when, where, why, how 等引导

I know that he loves English. She asked what I said.

表语从句

在句中作表语的从句，通常由 that, what, who, when, where, why, how 等引导

The fact is that he loves English. The question is what he said.

同位语从句

在句中作同位语的从句，通常由 that 引导，解释说明前面的名词

The fact that he loves English is true. I have no idea what he said.

限定性定语从句

修饰先行词，与先行词关系密切，不可省略

The book that I bought is interesting. The student who is standing there is my friend.

非限定性定语从句

修饰先行词，与先行词关系不密切，用逗号与主句隔开

The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting. Tom, who is my friend, loves English.

关系代词

that, which, who, whom, whose 等，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语

The book that/which I bought is interesting. The student who/that is standing there is my friend.

关系副词

when, where, why 等，在从句中作状语

I remember the day when we met. This is the place where we met. I don't know the reason why he left.

时间状语从句

由 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as 等引导

When I arrived, he was reading. While I was reading, he came in.

原因状语从句

由 because, since, as, now that 等引导

I stayed at home because it was raining. Since you are busy, I'll go alone.

条件状语从句

由 if, unless, as long as, in case 等引导

If it rains, I'll stay at home. Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.

让步状语从句

由 though, although, even though, even if, no matter what, whatever 等引导

Though it was raining, he went out. No matter what you do, I'll support you.

目的状语从句

由 so that, in order that, in case 等引导

I study hard so that I can pass the exam. He got up early in order that he could catch the bus.

结果状语从句

由 so...that, such...that 等引导

He is so tall that he can touch the ceiling. It was such a good book that I read it twice.

方式状语从句

由 as, as if, as though 等引导

Do as I tell you. He talks as if he knew everything.

比较状语从句

由 as...as, than 等引导

He is as tall as I. He is taller than I.

定义

将整个谓语动词提到主语前面

用法

• 表示方位的副词或介词短语置于句首：Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.
• 表示时间的副词置于句首：Now comes your turn. Then followed a heavy rain.
• 某些表示祝愿的句子：Long live the People's Republic of China!

定义

将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语前面

用法

• 否定副词或短语置于句首：Never have I seen such a beautiful place. Not only does he love English, but also he loves Chinese.
• only + 状语置于句首：Only in this way can you succeed. Only when you work hard can you succeed.
• so/such...that 结构中，so/such 置于句首：So beautiful is the place that I want to visit it again. Such a good book is it that I read it twice.
• as/though 引导的让步状语从句：Try as he might, he couldn't open the door. Young as he is, he knows a lot.
• 虚拟语气中：Had I known it, I would have told you. Should you need help, please let me know.